2 Types of High Voltage Fuses by High Rupturing Capacity

In high voltage power systems, protection devices must be capable of interrupting severe fault currents safely and effectively. Among these, high voltage fuses play a vital role in safeguarding transformers, switchgear, and transmission lines. Specifically, fuses with high rupturing capacity (HRC) are designed to break fault currents with minimal risk of damage to surrounding equipment. In this article, we explore two main types of high voltage HRC fuses—liquid type and cartridge type—examining their structure, performance, and ideal applications to help you make an informed selection.

What Is a High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) Fuse?

A high rupturing capacity (HRC) fuse is a fuse capable of interrupting large short-circuit currents without causing arc explosions or damage to nearby systems. Unlike standard fuses, HRC fuses are engineered with specialized arc-extinguishing materials that absorb and dissipate the intense energy released during a fault. This makes them suitable for medium to high voltage networks where reliability, speed, and safety are essential. HRC fuses are widely used in utility grids, substations, industrial plants, and large-scale electrical infrastructure, where fault conditions can lead to substantial damage if not quickly addressed.

2 Types of High Voltage Fuses by High Rupturing Capacity

Liquid Type High Voltage Fuse

The liquid type high voltage HRC fuse uses an arc-quenching liquid, typically transformer oil, as the medium to suppress the electrical arc during a fault. The fuse element is submerged in this liquid, and when a fault current occurs, the element melts and forms an arc. The surrounding oil rapidly cools and extinguishes the arc, preventing further current flow. This fuse type is known for its high breaking capacity and superior performance in heavy-duty, high-voltage environments. It is often found in oil-insulated equipment such as power transformers and outdoor switchgear where continuous and high-capacity protection is required.

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Cartridge Type High Voltage Fuse

The cartridge type high voltage HRC fuse features a fuse element enclosed in a ceramic or glass tube filled with arc-quenching powder, such as quartz sand. When a short circuit or overload occurs, the fuse element melts and the arc is formed. The sand inside the tube absorbs the energy and solidifies around the arc, breaking the circuit safely. This self-contained design makes cartridge fuses easier to install and maintain. Cartridge HRC fuses are widely used in dry-type transformers, indoor switchgear panels, and compact electrical units where space-saving and minimal maintenance are key concerns.

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Comparison: Liquid vs. Cartridge Type HRC Fuses

Understanding the differences between liquid and cartridge types can help users select the best option for their specific requirements. The table below highlights their key technical and functional distinctions.

The liquid type and cartridge type high voltage HRC fuses differ significantly in their construction, performance, and applications. In terms of arc quenching medium, the liquid type uses transformer oil to cool and extinguish the arc generated during a fault, while the cartridge type relies on quartz sand or similar arc-quenching powder sealed inside a ceramic or glass tube. Regarding voltage range, liquid type fuses are ideal for systems operating above 36 kV, offering reliable performance in high-voltage applications. In contrast, cartridge fuses are typically used in systems ranging from 3.6 kV to 36 kV, making them more suitable for medium-voltage environments.

When it comes to current handling capabilities, liquid type fuses are engineered for higher current loads thanks to the oil’s superior thermal properties, while cartridge fuses are more appropriate for moderate current levels. In terms of breaking capacity, liquid type fuses generally offer higher fault interruption performance due to the cooling and insulating properties of the liquid medium, whereas cartridge fuses provide adequate breaking capacity for most industrial fault scenarios.

Application-wise, liquid fuses are commonly used in outdoor substations, oil-immersed transformers, and large-scale electrical distribution systems. Cartridge fuses are favored in dry environments, such as indoor switchgear and dry-type transformers, where space-saving and maintenance efficiency are important. Maintenance requirements also differ—liquid fuses require periodic inspection of the oil and regular servicing, while cartridge fuses are low-maintenance and typically replaced entirely after a fault operation.

Which One to Choose for Your Needs?

For most modern high voltage applications—especially those requiring compact design, ease of replacement, and reliable arc interruption—cartridge type high voltage HRC fuses offer the ideal balance of performance and practicality. These fuses are well-suited for indoor and medium-to-high voltage environments, such as switchgear panels, transformers, and distribution systems. Their sealed, self-contained construction minimizes maintenance needs while ensuring fast and effective fault clearing. Compared to other fuse types, cartridge fuses are easier to install, safer to handle, and more consistent in performance. For users seeking a proven, low-maintenance solution without the complexities of oil-based systems, GRL’s high voltage cartridge HRC fuses are a smart and dependable choice.

Conclusion

High rupturing capacity fuses are critical components in high voltage protection systems, designed to respond rapidly and effectively to dangerous fault currents. Both liquid and cartridge types offer unique advantages tailored to specific applications and system needs. By understanding their structural differences, performance capacities, and maintenance implications, system designers and engineers can make informed choices that enhance reliability and safety. GRL Electric offers a full range of high voltage HRC fuses engineered to meet the evolving demands of modern electrical systems. Explore our product solutions to find the ideal match for your high voltage protection requirements.